Should Your Company Build an Open or Closed Ecosystem?

Most companies, at one point or another, need to decide what kind of ecosystem they want to build or operate in. Consider a coffee maker like Keurig. Should it supply all of the pods for its machines (a closed ecosystem) or should it allow third parties to provide them (an open ecosystem)? Similarly, electric vehicle manufacturers like Tesla face the decision of whether to make their charging stations exclusive to their own cars or available to competitors.