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The Secrets of Extraordinary Low-Cost Operators

Robert Wechsler

When you think of companies that are longtime, low-cost leaders, what reasons for their outsize performance spring to mind? Many people assume that their position stems mainly from advantages in efficiency or scale and maybe a fanatical devotion to penny-pinching measures. Few would say they are innovative, creative, or customer-centric. Yet that’s precisely what the low-cost exemplars are.

A version of this article appeared in the March–April 2025 issue of Harvard Business Review.

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